How Do Steam Engines Work

Heat water to its boiling point and it changes from being a liquid to become the gas or water vapor we know as steam. When water becomes steam its volume increases about 1,600 times, that expansion is full of energy. An engine is a machine that converts energy into mechanical force or motion that can turn pistons and wheels. The purpose of an engine is to provide power, a steam engine provides mechanical power by using the energy of steam. Steam engines were the first successful engines invented and were the driving force behind the industrial revolution. They have been used to power the first trains, ships, factories, and even cars. And while steam engines were definitely important in the past, they also now have a new future in supplying us with power with geothermal energy sources. How Steam Engines Work To understand a basic steam engine, lets take the example of the steam engine found in an old steam locomotive like the one depicted. The basic parts of the steam engine in a locomotive would be a boiler, slide valve, cylinder, steam reservoir, piston, and a drive wheel. In the boiler, there would be a firebox where coal would be shoveled into. The coal would be kept burning at a very high temperature and used to heat the boiler to boil water producing high-pressure steam. The high-pressure steam expands and exits the boiler via steam pipes into the steam reservoir.  The steam is then controlled by a slide valve to move into a cylinder to push the piston. The pressure of the steam energy pushing the piston turns the drive wheel in a circle, creating motion for the locomotive. History of Steam Engines Humans have been aware of the power of steam for centuries. Greek engineer, Hero of Alexandria (circa 100 AD), experimented with steam and invented the aeolipile, the first but very crude steam engine. The aeolipile was a metal sphere mounted on top of a boiling water kettle. The steam traveled through pipes to the sphere. Two L-shaped tubes on opposite sides of the sphere released the steam, which gave a thrust to the sphere that caused it to rotate. However, Hero never realized the potential of the aeolipile, and centuries were to pass before a practical steam engine would be invented. In 1698, English engineer, Thomas Savery patented the first crude steam engine. Savery used his invention to pump water out of a coal mine. In 1712, English engineer and blacksmith, Thomas Newcomen invented the atmospheric steam engine. The purpose of Newcomens steam engine was also to remove water from mines. In 1765, a Scottish engineer, James Watt began studying Thomas Newcomens  steam engine and invented an improved version. It was Watts engine that was the first to have a rotary motion. James Watts design was the one that succeeded and the use of steam engines became widespread. Steam engines had a profound effect on the history of transportation. By the late 1700s, inventors realized that steam engines could power boats  and the first commercially successful steamship was invented by George Stephenson. After 1900, gasoline and diesel internal combustion engines began replacing the steam piston engines. However, steam engines have reappeared in the last twenty years. Steam Engines Today It may be surprising to know that 95 percent of nuclear power plants use steam engines to generate power. Yes, the radioactive fuel rods in a nuclear power plant are used just like coal in a steam locomotive to boil water and create steam energy. However, the disposal of spent radioactive fuel rods, the vulnerability of the nuclear power plants to earthquakes and other issues leaves the public and the environment at great risk. Geothermal power is power generated using steam produced by heat emanating from the molten core of the earth. Geothermal power plants are relatively green technology. Kaldara Green Energy, a Norwegian/Icelandic manufacturer of geothermal electrical power production equipment, has been the major innovator in the field. Solar thermal power plants can also use steam turbines to generate their power.

The Eucharist Essay examples - 1165 Words

Eucharist is the central rite of the Christian religion, in which bread and wine are consecrated by an ordained minister and consumed by the minister and members of the congregation in obedience to Jesus command at the Last Supper, â€Å"Do this in remembrance of me.† In the Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, and in the Anglican, Lutheran, and many other Protestant churches, it is regarded as a sacrament, which both symbolizes and effects the union of Christ with the faithful. Baptists and others refer to Holy Communion as an â€Å"institution,† rather than a sacrament, emphasizing obedience to a commandment. Traditionally, Jesus command to his disciples at the Last Supper to eat the bread and drink the wine â€Å"in remembrance of me† constitutes†¦show more content†¦During the Middle Ages Scholastic philosophers under the influence of Aristotle developed a more elaborate doctrine of the Eucharist. Aristotle taught that earthly things possessed accidents perceptible to the senses, and substance, their essential reality, known by the mind. According to Scholastic speculation, the substance of the Eucharistic bread is, by the power of God, wholly transformed into the body of Christ. This view of the presence of Christ, called transubstantiation, was most elaborately formulated by the 13th-century Italian theologian St. Thomas Aquinas. It has been the official teaching of the Roman Catholic church since the Middle Ages, although the Council of Trent, which reasserted the doctrine against the Protestant reformers in the 16th century, did not include any philosophical speculat ion in its statement, asserting simply that an actual change occurred in the bread and wine. In the 16th century Protestant reformers offered several alternative interpretations of the Eucharist. Martin Luther taught that Christ is present â€Å"in, with, and under† the elements. The Swiss reformer Huldreich Zwingli denied any real connection between the bread and wine and the body and blood of Christ. He believed that at the celebration of the Supper, which recalls to worshipers the words andShow MoreRelatedThe Eucharist839 Words   |  4 PagesThe Eucharist (Otherwise known as the Holy Communion or the Blessed Sacrament) is a Catholic sacrament considered to be the apex of Christianity. While some Catholics and different branches of the English Church believe that this bread and wine are transformed into the literal blood and body of Christ, others believe that it is a simple expression of faith. It is considered to be the very essence of love that binds us to the savior; and it is this teaching of love that inspires the Catholic viewRead MoreHistory of the Euchari st713 Words   |  3 PagesHistory of the Eucharist The Sacrament of Eucharist is the most frequently received Sacraments in the Catholic Church. The matter in the Sacrament of Eucharist is the bread and wine, which changes into the body and blood of Jesus Christ. The Sacrament of Eucharist is dated in the Bible as far back to the Old Testament, indirectly as the Israelites flee from Egypt in the desert, and God gives them manna to eat. This happens multiple times while the Israelites are searching forRead MoreThe Practice Of The Eucharist1140 Words   |  5 PagesPart A 1. The practice of the Eucharist in the Catholic Church is usually called the Liturgy of the Eucharist, Holy Communion or the Lords supper. The Eucharist usually occurs near the end of the mass, firstly it begins with the preparation of the gifts and the altar, and once this has been done volunteers of the community bring forward the bread and the wine to the Priest at the Altar. Then the priest blesses the bread and wine. After that the priest breaks the bread and says â€Å"Take this all ofRead MoreWhat is The Eucharist?1467 Words   |  6 PagesThe Eucharist is a sacrament that gives expression to our faith. Sacraments are a sign of our intimate unity with God. There is a rich, deep connection between what the Church is and what sacraments are that is profoundly evident in the celebration of the Eucharist. God’s presence is mediated by the Church and its’ sacraments â€Å"to an unseen reality and †¦ [makes] that reality â€Å"present† to us.† â€Å"The church is impossible without the Eucharist† , the centre of our Christian lives. Memorial is an integralRead MoreImportance of Eucharist620 Words   |  3 PagesImportance of the Eucharist Receiving the Eucharist is one of the most important things we can do as a catholic. Holy Communion is the most important of all the sacraments. It completes the Sacraments of Initiation. The bread and wine we receive at communion is the body and blood of Jesus. It becomes the bread and body of Jesus through Transubstantiation. Transubstantiation is the conversion of the substance of the Eucharistic elements into the body and blood of Christ at consecration, only theRead MoreThe Eucharist Of The Catholic Church883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Eucharist according to Catechism of the Catholic Church The Eucharist is one of the Seven Sacraments of the Catholic faith. For some it is the most important sacrament of the faith. What is the Catechism of the Catholic Church? What does it say about the Eucharist? This is what will be discussed during this paper. To start off the answering the first question, the Catechism is a according to the website uscatholic.org it is a â€Å"compendium of all Catholic doctrine regarding both faith and moralsRead MoreThe Eucharist Sacrament, Signs Symbols1632 Words   |  7 PagesThe Eucharist Sacrament, Signs Symbols The seven sacraments are ceremonies that point to what is sacred, significant and important for Christians. They are special occasions for experiencing God’s saving presence. The seven formal sacraments are identified as; baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, reconciliation, anointing, holy orders and marriage. Sacraments entail symbols and signs. Symbols are objects or patterns that are used to represent an invisible reality. Each symbol and sign work togetherRead MoreThe Eucharist Is The Source And Summit Of The Christian Life2076 Words   |  9 Pages â€Å"The Eucharist is the source and summit of the Christian life.† All Catholics respect and signify the importance and the epic role of the Holy Eucharist in creating and building a strong relationship between God and humankind. The process of growth and development occurs for every human being, but this process is not just about the growth of the mundane body, but the spiritual body as well. A person cannot live more than one week without any food, and so for the spirit, it necessitates the HeavenlyRead More Fasting and The Eucharist: Catholic Participation in the Sacrifice of Christ3264 Words   |  14 PagesFasting and The Eucharist: Catholic Participation in the Sacrifice of Christ Christ, as the ultimate sacrifice in Christianity, gave his own life for the benefit of others. His self-sacrifice continues to this day to be celebrated in the Catholic Mass. Through communion, or receiving the Eucharist, one is able to actively partake of the fruits of that sacrifice. But how does one follow Jesus’ example? One surely cannot strive for the same kind of physical death that Jesus experienced. ThusRead MoreOrigins Of The Eucharist With A Focus On The New Testament And The Jewish Background1382 Words   |  6 Pagesof the Eucharist with a focus on the New Testament and the Jewish background, it briefly summaries Bradshaw’s critic of Dom Gregory Dix’s theory of early Eucharistic practices. It then examines Dom Gregory Dix’s theory of the fourfold shape of the Eucharist. It uses Justin Martyr’s writings to provide evidence to support Dom Gregory Dix’s fourfold shape, and finally, it examines Dom Gregory Dix’s fourfol d shape theory using Bradshaw’s contribution to the field. Origins of the Eucharist All the

Nurses Free Essays

(1) According to the Australian Indigenous Psychologists Association (2010): ‘The term cultural competency refers to a long-term, developmental process that moves beyond cultural awareness (the knowledge about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people primarily gained through media resources and workshops) and cultural sensitivity (knowledge as well as some level of direct experience with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people). Cultural competency emphasizes the idea of effectively operating in different cultural contexts: knowledge, sensitivity, and awareness programs o not include this concept. Cultural competence aims to reduce barriers to high quality care experienced by Indigenous people and is directly linked to improving social and emotional wellbeing and mental health outcomes. We will write a custom essay sample on Nurses or any similar topic only for you Order Now ’ Cultural Competence What is cultural competence? Cultural competence is the ability to interact effectively with people across different cultures. It has four components: * Awareness of one’s own cultural worldview (assumptions, biases) * A positive attitude towards cultural differences * Knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews * Cross-cultural communication skills What is cultural competence in health care? Culturally competent health care providers provide the best possible care for all their clients and work in the most productive way with all their colleagues. Everyone has a culture Cultural competence begins with the recognition that we are all born, raised and living in social, educational and organisational cultures. These cultures shape our assumptions, beliefs, values and behaviours. When we interact with others, the similarities and differences between our cultural expectations often make the interaction both more interesting, and more challenging. In a health setting, these challenges must be met if we are to provide equitable, appropriate and accessible services to all our clients. Competent practitioners are culturally competent A person who is culturally competent can communicate sensitively and effectively with people who have different languages, cultures, religions, genders, ethnicities, disabilities, ages and sexualities. Culturally competent health staff strive to provide services that are consistent with the clients’ needs and values firstly by acknowledging them, and secondly by, wherever possible, responding to them appropriately. Health care practitioners need to develop a broad repertoire of skills, knowledge, attitudes, perspectives and practices which they can use to enhance their cultural competence and direct their relationships with clients and colleagues. Cultural competence is about organisational competence It is very difficult to operate as a culturally competent practitioner without organisational support. SESIH is strongly committed to equality for clients and staff, and continues its commitment to the policies and principles of multicultural health. Benefits of a culturally competent workforce Lack of cultural competence impacts on both clients and staff. Clients who feel that their concerns have not been understood, who feel they have been dismissed or ignored, or who have not received optimum services because of their cultural background or ethnicity or language will find it hard to develop a sense of trust in a practitioner or a service. Culturally competent health staff build trust and respect which leads to increased client satisfaction and improved health outcomes such as a better use of the staff and clients’ time, more accurate information, and more effective and acceptable outcomes for staff and clients. Cultural competence benefits everyone. Why is culture so important in health care? Because health care is cultural. Although the scientific bases for medical treatment and care is considered ‘objective’, the way that we choose and use health services, whether we accept a diagnosis, how we decide if we will continue with a particular medical treatment, and the sorts of questions we ask health staff are all culturally influenced. Staff need to recognise the beliefs and values that affect our health decisions and take account of them when treating us (2) How to cite Nurses, Essay examples

Letting Go free essay sample

In each and every one of us, there lies a fear. There are lots of fears in this life but what were talking about is a fear that dwells inside of us, where mostly we do not tend to reveal it outside. That fear has the potential to eat us up slowly from the inside till it consumes our whole being. This fear is there in each and every single human being no matter how he strong he may be both on the core and the outside. These fears are but many and differ from person to person but I choose to be specific here and that is the fear of letting go.People come and people go in our lives but what hurts the most than letting go of the one you love the most in your life, the one whom you once chose to never leave through thick and thin. We will write a custom essay sample on Letting Go or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People hurt us from time to time. Of course thats Life, No doubt about it, but HURT sometime can leave wounds in our hearts where scars left never seem to fade away. There are some things that time does not seem to mend. Hard to accept but true. But heres the funny part, No matter how or to what extent these people hurt you, yet you still love them.You still chose to be patient. One of the Laws of Nature is the Limits of Tolerance. There is a certain climax where one can bear a certain kind of pressure. When the limit of tolerance has been reached, the nature provides a feedback mechanism. We rise from dust, nature itself, and back to dust. These laws dwell In all of us. Thats when we choose to stay away and give up every virtue of love. Yes. Maybe weve had our closures with them. Maybe weve given a good ending. But the worst comes into the picture when we still think of changing the past.Still wishing sometimes you were a better person, a stronger person to bear hurtful things that the one you love does. Wishing you had done things differently. Wishing had they only changed and what not. This Is when that fear, the fear of letting go grows In our hearts. It consumes our thoughts Like a fire and rages our mind. It freezes our heart cold and turns It Like a stone. Heres when we really make a real CHOICE. The choice to let go forever. To stop worrying what the consequences of our actions could be.This fear Is, In fact, against the attitude of love (which always bears and stays). Life Is governed by choices and the choice to let go of someone Is the hardest In life. It questions the attitude of love as In Yes I would bear, but even If I did, would It be worth It? This question Is, again hard to accept, but a fear of letting go. But Life never gives us many choices and the beauty of this fear Is that the questions that It puts In our mind are only answered sometimes by Glenn Into the fear Itself and choosing to let go because sometimes that Is the only way we can find out.Kampuchea Deletion By Kampuchea mechanism. We rise from dust, nature itself, and back to dust. These laws dwell in all Maybe weve had our closures with them. Maybe weve given a good ending. But the only changed and what not. This is when that fear, the fear of letting go grows in our hearts. It consumes our thoughts like a fire and rages our mind. It freezes our heart cold and turns it like a stone. Heres when we really make a real CHOICE. The choice This fear is, in fact, against the attitude of love (which always bears and stays).Life is governed by choices and the choice to let go of someone is the hardest in life. It questions the attitude of love as in miss I would bear, but even if I did, would it be worth it? This question is, again hard to accept, but a fear of letting go. But Life never gives us many choices and the beauty of this fear is that the questions that it puts in our mind are only answered sometimes by giving into the fear itself and choosing to let go because sometimes that is the only way we can find out.

The Atomic Bomb Essays - Atomic Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki

The Atomic Bomb The atomic bomb has been a major turning point in history. It started out when Roosevelt signed a document for a group of scientists to start creating the bomb. The scientists thought they could purify uranium 235 to be used as a form of nuclear warfare. The name of the top secret project was The Manhattan Project named after the Manhattan Engineer District of the US Army Corps of Engineers due to the great amount of early research done in New York. Scientists working on the atomic bomb needed to separate uranium 235 from the common uranium 238. The scientists worked six days a week, 18 hours a day. By 1945 the project had 40 labs and factories and employed 200,000 people, more than the automobile industry that year. The project spent $2 billion which is equivalent to $26 billion today. After much research I decided that it was better to bomb Nagasaki and Hiroshima than the US to loose many more of its soldiers. The US probably dropped the bomb because the Japanese would not have surrendered unless. There would have been thousands of US casualties by fighting Japan with ground troops. The atomic bomb was a very costly project and wouldnt have gone well if millions was spent making a bomb and it was never used. Other reasons are the Japanese were abusive to US prisoners of War and to show the US technology was superior to that of the USSR. On August 6th, 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima. The explosion killed 90,000 to 140,000 people. The bomb devastated 4 sq. miles of land and damaged outside areas severely.

The Meanings of Like

The Meanings of Like The Meanings of â€Å"Like† The Meanings of â€Å"Like† By Mark Nichol What’s not to like about like? It’s a versatile word, but one easily misused and abused. Like is a preposition: â€Å"He is like me in that regard†; â€Å"Like him, I fail to see the humor.† Take care to use me and us (and, in the third person, them), rather than I and we (and they) in association with it. Like is also frequently employed as a conjunction: â€Å"Like I told you before, we’re running out of boxes†; â€Å"Like we’ve seen before, it depends on the situation†; â€Å"It looks like it’s going to rain.† However, this usage, once common, fell out of favor long ago, and it’s still considered a colloquialism that is out of place in formal writing. In each of these examples, as is the better choice. In addition, like is employed as a comparative term (â€Å"I’ve seen something like that before†) and is often seen as a substitute for â€Å"as if.† (â€Å"She looked like she might cry at any moment.†) The word has overtaken the more formal and, as explained below, slightly different usage â€Å"such as† to make comparisons: â€Å"I prefer more dynamic sports like soccer,† rather than â€Å"I prefer more dynamic sports such as soccer.† The argument against considering like and â€Å"such as† interchangeable is that â€Å"such as† suggests inclusion (soccer is one of the sports the writer prefers), whereas like implies exclusion (soccer is representative of the type of sport the writer prefers but is not one of them). However, the indiscriminate appearance of either usage and many writers, myself included, have used both in the same piece of content is ubiquitous, and the interchangeability is unlikely to change. Over the last few decades, the word has persisted as a filler, especially among young people (â€Å"I was, like, totally confused†), or again, especially among younger members of the population as a conversational substitute for said (â€Å"And he was like, ‘Go for it’†). I admit without embarrassment that although I am not young, I freely employ like in both usages when I speak. In writing, I would use them only for humorous effect. The first usage is adverbial, similar to colloquial usage like (I mean, â€Å"such as†) â€Å"It’s true, like enough† (as a substitute for likely). Other adverbial uses are as an alternative to altogether or rather (â€Å"All this time, I was calm, like†) or to about or nearly: â€Å"It’s more like a hundred dollars,† â€Å"It took, like, four hours.† (The latter usage is likely the inspiration for the use of like as an interjection.) Like serves as a noun: â€Å"I’ve never met his like since†; â€Å"I have no patience with her like.† A similar usage is â€Å"the likes of†: â€Å"I hope we’ve seen the last of the likes of him.† (The sense for the latter usage, and the one previous to that, is often pejorative.) Recently, too, it has acquired the meaning of â€Å"something one likes,† such as a social-networking Web page. And, of course, it functions as a verb, meaning â€Å"To choose or prefer,† â€Å"to enjoy, or to thrive,† â€Å"to regard,† or â€Å"to want.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Program vs. Programme3 Types of Headings20 Tips to Improve your Writing Productivity

Inmates Working for Private Industries Assignment

Inmates Working for Private Industries - Assignment Example Studies have also shown that prisoners that undergo these programs are also less likely to commit crime and find themselves back in prison than those who do not participate in such programs (Atkinson & Rostad, 2003). There are also advantages in that this sort of arrangement allows American companies to produce goods at much reduced labor costs while at the same time producing truly â€Å"made in America† goods and reduces the transfer of labor to China and other parts of the world. There are also a few cons to these programs. Especially with the current recession and general high unemployment rates for the rest of the American population, prison labor provides unfair competition in the job market since the inmates take jobs that would otherwise be done by the out of prison population (Associated Press, 2012). The programs have also been accused of being exploitative of the inmates in that they are paid salaries that are well below the minimum rate. There are many examples of such types of programs. In South Carolina for example, employees from the Evans and Leath Correctional facilities work for the Escod Industries, a division of Insilco, a Columbus, Ohio based fortune 500 companies where they manufacture of electronic cables that are then sold to companies such as IBM and the Canadian-based Northern Telecom Corporation. In California, Trans World Airlines employs inmates from the California Youth Authority’s Ventura Training School for youthful offenders to take phone enquiries and schedule routes for their customers throughout the United States while in Phoenix Arizona, Best Western Internationals’ hotel reservations center was operated from the Arizona Correctional Facility for Women (Sexton, n.d.). A lot of these programs are very successful, usually far surpassing their objectives and meeting and exceeding expectations. The programs not only result in both the inmates, the organizations and the prison management

Employee Relations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Employee Relations - Research Paper Example It is recommended to consider the employees as valuable assets and make them spend time on telecommuting. A flexible work schedule can also be introduced in the company to increase the morale of the employees (Time Inc, 2013). It was also viewed that the products produced in the company were low in quality because of which it was facing severe problems. Thus, it is considered that the company should establish certain goals related to quality in order to measure the manufacturing process of the organisation and the outcomes of the manufactured product. It is also recommended to focus on the initiative of improving the outcomes of the manufactured product that would help Philips to obtain recognition in its new plant of Manila. Besides, administrators functioning at the new plant should ensure that they provide their expertise of guiding and consulting the workers in their respective departments to make certain that the workers achieve their targets and the quality and the overall perf ormance of the workers are improved. In addition, it is very important to classify the potential opportunities for improving the quality of products by constantly monitoring the work performance and ensuring that the standard and quality of the goods produced meet the expectation of the customers along with providing them optimum satisfaction. It is also very essential for the administrators to design a system that is very efficient as per the work requirements so as to implement initiative for improvement which would directly.

Critically Evaluate the Importance of Working With Professionals and Essay

Critically Evaluate the Importance of Working With Professionals and Families in Schools - Essay Example ortant if families and professionals can be involved in after-school programs and activities in order to enable their children to collaborate well with all including leaders and other important people in the community. Role of Interdisciplinary Teams, Nature of Multi-Agency, Families, and Professionals As long as the school leadership recognizes other community members, families and professionals in the school activities and development, positive results will be achieved. According to Cheminais (2009, p.8), multi-agency collaboration is advantageous to children as it allows integration of skills and expertise in school programs, thus enhancing value addition and preventing barriers to learning process. The teachers and the school leadership should consider moral leaders and other role models in the community to ensure that their students develop morally, and to promote strong connections between the students and the larger community. Besides, corporate members and government leaders should be considered for partnership with the school to provide more external support to the students. When this is done, the students will feel well secured and valued, hence promoting the value of education in the school and in the community or society in general (Cummings, Todd, and Dyson, 2007). For school to develop faster, the leadership must ensure that there is improvement in the education standards in the school and ensure that the students welfare is catered for; this can only be achieved through involving community resources in learning. Therefore, including professionals and families will enable the students to understand properly the social, political, and economic environments that surround the school, thus giving them more knowledge and proper awareness of their surroundings.... This report approves that involvement of families and professionals in the learning process is important, as it results into positive benefits including improvement in students general performance. Again, the discussion above has detailed the importance of community involvement in learning process as well as how to promote community involvement for maximum benefits in the learning process. The discussion has elaborated that parental attachment and students’ needs assessment is very important in the provision of better learning and performance of students with special needs. Therefore, it is important that all these be put in consideration while teaching and learning in the context of students with special needs, including involvement of proper communication and negotiation. The partnership of schools, professionals, and families will enhance support, guidance, and motivation, thereby allowing students to improve their performance. This will promote learning to all the students including those with special needs. Again, multi-agency in the community should be involved to give more support to the students where necessary. These multi-agencies can also help in providing guidance and health solutions to students. Furthermore, interdisciplinary teams can also be involved to provide for the students’ needs where necessary, thereby producing all-round students. This essay makes a conclusion that the parenting practice and child-rearing styles adopted by families have a great influence on the child’s learning behaviour later on in life. Indeed, parenting practices tend to is more objective in that, it is geared towards molding a child’s behaviour towards a certain goal. Therefore, a parent would be aiming for excellence in a child’s school performance and in such a case, provide an atmosphere for achievement of that goal.

the history and background of teaching homophones

the history and background of teaching homophones Introduction: Grammar teaching in schools is usually approached from a rule learning perspective and this leads to lessons that are boring. In the past, the teaching method that was adopted was mainly teacher-centered and this lead to the â€Å"drill and kill† type lessons, especially when it came to language and grammar. There is a common misconception that all learning should be serious in nature and that if one is having fun while learning, it is actually not learning (Lee, 1995). In fact, â€Å"many experienced textbook and methodology manuals writers have argued that games are not just time-filling activities but have a great educational value† (Uberman, 1998). Most language games make learners use the language instead of thinking about learning the correct forms (Lee, 1986). There are many advantages of using different techniques such as games, pictures, group work etc. in the classroom. These techniques can lower anxiety which makes the acquisition of input more likely and in a relaxed learning atmosphere learners remember things faster and better (Uberman, 1998). They are highly motivating and entertaining, and they can give shy students more opportunity to express their opinions and feelings (Uberman, 1998). Different techniques are an excellent way to break the usual routine of the classroom (Lee, 1995). In this essay different techniques to teaching language structure and/or vocabulary will be explored. To illustrate how these different techniques can be used examples will be given. The language structure which will be focused on in this essay is homophones. Homophones are words which sound the same but are spelt differently and have different meanings (homo = same, phone = sound). Due to this it is a language structure that many learners misuse and misunderstand. Homophones can be taught in a number of fun and exciting ways. This essay will explain how to teach homophones to a grade three class over four 45 minute lessons. Each lesson will act as a follow up of the previous lesson. This will be the introductory lesson to homophones. The purpose of this lesson is to introduce homophones to the learners in a fun way that will keep the learners interested. This lesson involves group work. Group work is good technique as it involves the learners themselves and all learners participate, giving everyone an equal opportunity to aid in their and their peers learning experience. In this lesson the teacher acts as a facilitator which means that learners are not merely given the answers but need to find them for themselves. The teacher will introduce the lesson by handing out a flash card to each learner in the class. These will be handed out upside down so learners cannot see what word they have received. Once all the learners have a card the teacher will ask learners to look at their word. The teacher will then ask learners to find the person in the class that has the same sounding word but that word means something else (i.e. homophone). This activity will be noisy but the teacher must keep it as controlled as possible. Once the learners have found their homophone partner learners must sit on the mat with their partner. The teacher will check that learners are partnered right and if not they must keep looking. A time limit of five minutes should be kept in order to keep control. Once all learners have found their partners and are settled on the mat the teacher will call one pair up at a time. The learners will show their words to the class and say them out load so they can hear they sound the same. T he learners will then be asked to give the meaning of their word so they can see that even though the two words sound the same they have different meanings. This activity can be done with bigger classes by adding pictures to the word pairs. This will mean that four learners will need to find each other. For example: the word son/sun and a picture of a young boy with a parent and the sun in the sky. To conclude this lesson the teacher will explain that in each group/pair the words that they have matched up are called homophones and this will be explained to the learners. This lesson will make use of pictures as a technique. â€Å"Pictures are versatile and useful resources for teaching aspects of grammar that require a structure-meaning match† (Celce-Murcia Hilles, 1988). Pictures add fun and enjoyment and make the understanding more solid as learners can see the actual object being discussed. To introduce the lesson the teacher will recap what a homophone is. The teacher will show a blown up picture to the class. This can be a picture of the beach, for example, where a lot of activity is taking place. Some examples of this could be a picture of a bear on a beach ball and a bare child. The homophones in the picture will not be obvious to the learners which will pique their interest and make them think. The teacher will then ask the learners to draw up a table listing the different homophones they can find. A time limit can be placed in order to create a little competition for the stronger learners. Once learners have completed this, the teacher can go through some of the answers the learners came up with. After the answers have been discussed, a worksheet will be handed to each learner which they will need to complete. See appendix 1. This lesson will make use of stories as a technique. â€Å"Stories are traditional in almost all cultures †¦ [which] provides a realistic context for presenting grammar points and holds and focuses students attention in a way no other techniques can† (Celce-Murcia Hilles, 1988). Learners are inclined to listen to stories more inventively and therefore remember the story and knowledge learnt long after the lesson has ended (Celce-Murcia Hilles, 1988). The teacher begins the lesson by reading the story from appendix two to the learners. The teacher will then handout the worksheet to the learners (appendix 3). The teacher will then read the story with the learners again while the learners follow. The learners will then be given a few minutes to read the story again by themselves. Once the learners have read the story they must follow the instructions on the worksheet. The second part of the worksheet requires learners to continue the story some of the homophones provided. Learners â€Å"are marvelous storytellers† (Celce-Murcia Hilles, 1988) and this creativity should be encouraged. As a homework activity, appendix 4 will be used. This will consolidate what was done in the lesson. Due to the fact that this is the last lesson on homophones for the week it will be more of a relaxed lesson as games as a technique will be used. Games â€Å"enable learners to acquire new experiences †¦ which are not always possible during a typical lesson† (Uberman, 1998). It has been said that games are â€Å"a good way of practising language, for they provide a model of what learners will use the language for in real life in the future† (Uberman, 1998). The game that will be played is called â€Å"Homophone Hop†. This game has been taken from Primary Resources (2010). This is how the game works: In pairs or small groups learners work their way around a board using a dice and counters. When they land on the star squares they have to pick up a homophone card. One of the other children will read out the card which will say, for example, â€Å"Which spelling is required for ‘their in this sentence? ‘The children rushed to get their coats? Move an extra 5 spaces if you got it right†. The child must identify the correct homophone by spelling it aloud to their partner. If they get it correct, they will move 5 spaces. If they do not, they stay where they are. The object of the game is to reach the finish line first. This game is a great way to consolidate all the homophone knowledge that was learnt during the week. It gives learners a chance to have use the knowledge that they have dealt with and can use it in real life terms. Conclusion: As seen from the above activities there are many different ways to teach homophones. This therefore means that other language structures and/or grammar can also be taught using these different techniques. By using these techniques, lessons will not be boring and learners will be more interested in learning new things. Language is very complex and often not an easy concept to get across. If teachers plan ahead and take the time to think of new ways to teach language, they will find there are many reasons to why language teaching does not have to be from a rule learning perspective, but rather from a interesting, and appealing perspective.

Student Athlete Recruiting :: Recruitment Sports Essays

Student Athlete Recruiting Lamarr Monterio, a sophomore wide receiver at Northeastern University, propelled his high school football team, Oliver Ames, into a winning team. â€Å"I was the first player to be recruited for a Division I school in years,† Monterio said. He broke numerous state records and received a lot of publicity as a corner back at Oliver Ames High School in Easton, Massachusetts. He said that he started to receive letters from recruiting schools right before he started his junior year. â€Å"I probably got 12 shoe boxes full of letters. Senior year is especially hectic because coaches call and visit a lot,† said Monterio. The NCAA has a set of rules, which universities follow for recruiting, and it states that a Division I college recruiting a high school player can start sending printed materials on September 1st of an athlete’s junior year. This can include official academic, admissions and student information, any publications or videotapes published by the college, and any general correspondence. The general rules by the NCAA state that the activities by coaches or boosters that cause a player to become a recruited prospective student athlete are: †¢ Providing an official visit †¢ Placing more than one telephone call to the recruit or other members of the family; or †¢ Visiting the recruit or any other member of the family anywhere other than the college campus. The universities that sought interest in Monterio were the University of Massachusetts Amherst, Northeastern University, University of Rhode Island, University of Connecticut, and the University of Maine. They sent him many letters and videotapes during his junior and senior year at Oliver Ames. The coaches from these universities also visited Oliver Ames to watch him play. Recruits are allowed five visits, official and unofficial, to colleges. The college covers the expenses on an official visit. The recruits have to provide their own transportation on an unofficial visit. Monterio chose two universities for an official visit, which were Umass-Amherst and the University of Maine. â€Å"During the day I spent time with the coaches, administrators, and advisors, and from then on I spent time with my host,† said Monteiro. Prospective Student Athletes (PSA) are often given a host, usually someone who has something in common with the PSA, to show them the school’s campus and other places in the area where the school is located. Monterio said after discussing his visits with his family and comparing Umass-Amherst to the University of Maine, he decided to go to Umass-Amherst.